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Grammar Reference
A complete dictionary of Korean patterns
279 Entries
Most Frequent
A to Z
Z to A
N-이/가
Subject Marker
1139
Indicates the subject of the sentence. It often emphasizes 'who' or 'what' performs the action, or introduces new information.
Grammar Point
N-은/는
Topic Marker
941
Indicates the topic of the sentence (what the speaker is talking about) or creates a contrast with something else.
Grammar Point
N-을/를
Object Marker
897
Attached to a noun to indicate it is the object of the verb.
Grammar Point
V-고
Listing (And)
596
Connects two clauses equally. Equivalent to "and".
Grammar Point
+1 More
-에
Location/Direction
569
Indicates a static location where something exists, or a destination.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ
Noun Modifier
529
Modifies a noun. "는" indicates present tense, "(으)ㄴ" indicates past tense (for verbs) or state (for adjectives), and "(으)ㄹ" indicates future tense.
Grammar Point
V-았/었/였
Past Tense
453
A pre-final ending indicating that an action or state occurred in the past.
Grammar Point
N-도
Addition (Too/Also)
420
Indicates that the noun is included in a category or context already mentioned. "Too" or "Also".
Grammar Point
V-게
Adverbial
387
Turns a verb/adjective into an adverb. "-ly", "in a ... manner".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어서
Reason/Cause
287
Indicates a reason for the following action. "Because...", "So...".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(으)면
Condition
242
Indicates a condition. "If..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-에서
Place of Action
193
Indicates the location where an action takes place.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(은/ㄴ/는)데
Background Info
166
Provides background information before making a request, suggestion, or question.
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-(으)로
Method/Tool
146
Indicates the means, tool, or method used to do something. "By", "With", or "Using".
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-의
Possessive/Relation
142
Indicates possession or a relationship between two nouns. Equivalent to 's or 'of'.
Grammar Point
V-(스)ㅂ니다
Formal Polite
138
The most formal and polite present tense ending. Used in presentations, news, or with strangers.
Grammar Point
V-(ㄴ/는)다
Plain Form
132
A factual, non-polite sentence ending used in writing, diaries, or casual speech to stating facts.
Grammar Point
N-요
Politeness Marker
132
Attached to the end of a sentence or phrase to make it polite.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(으)시
Honorific
127
Inserted into a verb to show respect to the subject of the sentence.
Grammar Point
V-고 있다
Progressive
119
Indicates an action is currently happening (present continuous) or a state is maintained.
Grammar Point
V-아/어 보다
Attempt/Experience
119
To try doing something or to have the experience of doing something.
Grammar Point
N-때
Time/When
113
Indicates the moment of time when something occurs. Often used with modifiers (으)ㄹ 때.
Grammar Point
V-고 싶다
Desire
102
Expresses the wish or desire to do something (Want to).
Grammar Point
V-기
Nominalization
98
Turns a verb into a noun, focusing on the act or activity itself.
Grammar Point
V/A-안
Short Negation
98
Placed directly before a verb or adjective to express "not".
Grammar Point
N-랑/이랑
And / With (Casual)
80
A casual particle used to link nouns or indicate companionship. Equivalent to '-하고' but more casual.
Grammar Point
V-(으)면서
Simultaneous Action
79
Indicates two actions happening at the same time. "While..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어/여
Casual Present
78
An intimate/casual sentence ending used to express present tense or progressive action.
Grammar Point
V-겠
Intention/Will
76
Expresses the speaker's strong intention or will. "I will".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V/A-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것
Nominalization
72
Turns a verb or adjective into a noun phrase (the act of doing, the fact that, the thing that).
Grammar Point
V-(으)세요
Polite Request
66
A polite imperative ending used to give commands or make requests.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(으)니까
Reason
64
Expresses a reason or cause, often used with suggestions or commands. "Since...", "Because...".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(으)ㄴ가(요)/나(요)
Soft Question
59
A soft, somewhat polite way of asking a question or confirming something. Often used with adjectives or copulas.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어 주다
Favor/Request
52
Doing an action for someone else, or requesting someone to do something for you.
Grammar Point
V-(으)려고 하다
Intention
51
Expresses the subject's intention or plan to do something.
Grammar Point
V-(았/었/였)던
Retrospective
48
Modifies a noun by recalling a past event. "던" implies an action was habitual or unfinished in the past, while "았/었던" implies the action was completed.
Grammar Point
V/A-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
Conjecture
47
Expresses a guess, supposition, or opinion (It seems like / I think).
Grammar Point
V/A-지 않다
Negation
44
Formal or emphatic way to say 'not' (Long negation).
Grammar Point
V-아/어야
Necessary Condition
44
Indicates that the preceding action is a necessary condition for the following result. "Only if...", "Must ... to ...".
Grammar Point
N-한테
Recipient (To) [Colloquial]
41
Indicates the recipient or target of an action in spoken/casual Korean.
Grammar Point
-만
Limitation (Only)
39
Indicates a limitation, excluding other things. "Only" or "Just".
Grammar Point
V-(는/ㄴ)다고
Indirect Quote
39
Used to quote a declarative statement. "Said that..."
Grammar Point
V-(ㄴ/는)다는
Quoted Modifier
38
Modifies a noun with the content of a quote or a known fact. "The [Noun] that says...", "The fact that..."
Grammar Point
N-까지
End of Range (Until/To)
36
Indicates the end of a time range or a destination.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어 드리다
Honorific Service
35
Used when performing an action for a superior or someone you respect (Honorific form of '주다').
Grammar Point
V-(이/으)라고
Indirect Quote (Imperative)
35
Used to quote a command or request. "Tell (someone) to..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-다가
Interruption/Transition
34
Indicates that an action in progress was interrupted or changed into another action. "While (doing)..."
Grammar Point
V-건
Choice/Indifference
34
Short for "거나". Indicates a choice between two options, or that the result doesn't matter regardless of the choice. "Whether A or B".
Grammar Point
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