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Grammar Reference
A complete dictionary of Korean patterns
283 Entries
Most Frequent
A to Z
Z to A
N-이/가
Subject Marker
50187
Indicates the subject of the sentence. It often emphasizes 'who' or 'what' performs the action, or introduces new information.
Grammar Point
N-을/를
Object Marker
47045
Attached to a noun to indicate it is the object of the verb.
Grammar Point
V-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ
Noun Modifier
36163
Modifies a noun. "는" indicates present tense, "(으)ㄴ" indicates past tense (for verbs) or state (for adjectives), and "(으)ㄹ" indicates future tense.
Grammar Point
N-은/는
Topic Marker
33738
Indicates the topic of the sentence (what the speaker is talking about) or creates a contrast with something else.
Grammar Point
V-았/었/였
Past Tense
26063
A pre-final ending indicating that an action or state occurred in the past.
Grammar Point
-에
Location/Direction
23685
Indicates a static location where something exists, or a destination.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-고
Listing (And)
21428
Connects two clauses equally. Equivalent to "and".
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-도
Addition (Too/Also)
18790
Indicates that the noun is included in a category or context already mentioned. "Too" or "Also".
Grammar Point
V-게
Adverbial
14847
Turns a verb/adjective into an adverb. "-ly", "in a ... manner".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어서
Reason/Cause
12208
Indicates a reason for the following action. "Because...", "So...".
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-의
Possessive/Relation
10868
Indicates possession or a relationship between two nouns. Equivalent to 's or 'of'.
Grammar Point
N-(으)로
Method/Tool
10421
Indicates the means, tool, or method used to do something. "By", "With", or "Using".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(으)면
Condition
10193
Indicates a condition. "If..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(스)ㅂ니다
Formal Polite
9761
The most formal and polite ending. Used in presentations, news, or with strangers.
Grammar Point
V-(으)시
Honorific
7939
Inserted into a verb to show respect to the subject of the sentence.
Grammar Point
V-(은/ㄴ/는)데
Background Info
7393
Provides background information before making a request, suggestion, or question.
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-에서
Place of Action
7369
Indicates the location where an action takes place.
Grammar Point
+1 More
N-때
Time/When
6707
Indicates the moment of time when something occurs. Often used with modifiers (으)ㄹ 때.
Grammar Point
V-아/어 보다
Attempt/Experience
6699
To try doing something or to have the experience of doing something.
Grammar Point
V-기
Nominalization
5650
Turns a verb into a noun, focusing on the act or activity itself.
Grammar Point
N-요
Politeness Marker
5642
Attached to the end of a sentence or phrase to make it polite.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어 주다
Favor/Request
4882
Doing an action for someone else, or requesting someone to do something for you.
Grammar Point
V-고 있다
Progressive
4497
Indicates an action is currently happening (present continuous) or a state is maintained.
Grammar Point
V/A-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것
Nominalization
4341
Turns a verb or adjective into a noun phrase (the act of doing, the fact that, the thing that).
Grammar Point
V-겠
Intention/Will
4267
Expresses the speaker's strong intention or will. "I will".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(이/으)라고
Indirect Quote (Imperative)
4138
Used to quote a command or request. "Tell (someone) to..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-(ㄴ/는)다
Plain Form
4049
A factual, non-polite sentence ending used in writing, diaries, or casual speech to stating facts.
Grammar Point
V-(ㄴ/는)다는
Quoted Modifier
3444
Modifies a noun with the content of a quote or a known fact. "The [Noun] that says...", "The fact that..."
Grammar Point
V-(았/었/였)던
Retrospective
3370
Modifies a noun by recalling a past event. "던" implies an action was habitual or unfinished in the past, while "았/었던" implies the action was completed.
Grammar Point
V-아/어/여
Casual Present
3314
An intimate/casual sentence ending used to express present tense or progressive action.
Grammar Point
V/A-는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
Conjecture
3020
Expresses a guess, supposition, or opinion (It seems like / I think).
Grammar Point
V/A-지 않다
Negation
2856
Formal or emphatic way to say 'not' (Long negation).
Grammar Point
V-(으)면서
Simultaneous Action
2836
Indicates two actions happening at the same time. "While..."
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-고 싶다
Desire
2738
Expresses the wish or desire to do something (Want to).
Grammar Point
V-(으)니까
Reason
2680
Expresses a reason or cause, often used with suggestions or commands. "Since...", "Because...".
Grammar Point
+1 More
V/A-안
Short Negation
2651
Placed directly before a verb or adjective to express "not".
Grammar Point
V-잖아
Reminding/Confirmation
2504
Used when stating a fact that the listener should already know, or to correct the listener. "You know...", "Isn't it that..."
Grammar Point
-만
Limitation (Only)
2459
Indicates a limitation, excluding other things. "Only" or "Just".
Grammar Point
V-(으)세요
Polite Request
2217
A polite imperative ending used to give commands or make requests.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-아/어야
Necessary Condition
2108
Indicates that the preceding action is a necessary condition for the following result. "Only if...", "Must ... to ...".
Grammar Point
N-까지
End of Range (Until/To)
2094
Indicates the end of a time range or a destination.
Grammar Point
+1 More
V-지만
Contrast
2005
Indicates a contrast between the first and second clause. "But", "However".
Grammar Point
V/A-기도 하다
Also/Sometimes
1974
Indicates that an action/state also occurs, or emphasizes that it occurs sometimes.
Grammar Point
V-아/어 있다
Resultant State
1918
Indicates that an action has occurred and its result is maintained (e.g., sitting down, flowers blooming). Distinct from "doing" (고 있다).
Grammar Point
V-(는/ㄴ)다고
Indirect Quote
1897
Used to quote a declarative statement. "Said that..."
Grammar Point
N-랑/이랑
And / With (Casual)
1823
A casual particle used to link nouns or indicate companionship. Equivalent to '-하고' but more casual.
Grammar Point
N-때문에
Reason/Cause
1792
Expresses a reason or cause attributed to a noun ("Because of").
Grammar Point
V-네(요)
Discovery/Surprise
1787
Expresses the speaker's surprise or realization upon discovering something new.
Grammar Point
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